臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993);The Live Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, Vol.5(FAO, 2001);Russell, B.C., 1990. Nemipterid fishes of the world. (Threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipterida
Russell, B. C. 1990沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993
Dorsal-fin raysIII, 9; anal-fin rays III, 7; pectoral-fin rays15-16. Body depth 2.6 to 2.9 times in standard length. Head scales reaching forward to between middle of eye. Posterior margin of preopercle sloping forward slightly. Lower limb of preopercle naked. Posterior margin of suborbital fine serrate, with a very small spine at upper corner. Pectoral fins long, reaching to or beyond level of anus. Pelvic fins long, reaching to or almost to level of anus. Pale yellowish body, silvery below.
habitats
Inhabits sandy or muddy bottoms in offshore waters. Usually in small groups, in depths over 50 m. Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates.
Distribution
Eastern Indian Ocean: including the Laccadive Islands, Sri Lanka, Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: including southern Japan and the South China Sea.
Taiwan: South, Penghu, North-East, West.