Scientific Name	Protonibea diacanthus   Pronounce			by: Lab of Fish Ecol. and Evo., BRCAS
Author	(Lacepède, 1802)	Depth	3 - 60M
Chinese	雙棘原黃姑魚	Poisonous Fish	No
Family_Chinese	石首魚科	Economic Fish	Yes
Family	F381　Sciaenidae	Edible Fish	Yes	Chinese In Mainland China	雙棘原黃姑魚
Max Length	150 cm	Aquarium Fish	No	Common Name	鮸仔魚、黑鮸
Distribution in World	India Ocean to West Pacific Ocean	Distribution in Taiwan	West、North、PonFu
Habitats	Benthos、Estuary、Fresh Water、Coastal	Holotype Locality	India.
Synonyms	Corvina catalea, Corvina maculata, Corvina nigromaculata, Corvina platycephala, Johnius cataleus, Johnius diacanthus, Johnius valenciennii, Lutjanus diacanthus, Nibea diacanthus, Protonibea diacantha, Pseudosciaena diacanthus, Sciaena antarctica rex, Sciaena diacanthus ...all 14..
Reference	臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993)；福建魚類誌(朱等, 1985)；The Live Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, Vol.5(FAO, 2001)  Lacepede, B. G. E. 1802 朱元鼎 編 1985 沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993
Specimen List	ASIZP0059000. ASIZP0059651. ASIZP0080487. ASIZP0080777. ASIZP0080778. ASIZP0807513. ASIZP0807514. ASIZP0917513. ASIZP0917514. NMMSTP00991. NTMP0638. NTUM07224. NTUM07308. NTUM07316. NTUM07451. NTUM07452. NTUM07453. NTUM07454. NTUM07591. ROM72022.
Common Name	Slate-cod croaker; Two-spined jewfish; Spotted croaker; Blackspotted croaker; Black jewfish; Blackspotted croacker
Redlist Status	Not in IUCN Redlist
Characteristic	Dorsal fin X, I, 21-23; anal fin II, 7; pectoral fin I, 15-18; pelvic fin I, 5; lateral-line scales 49-50; gill-rakers 3-5 + 7-9; Body elongated and compressed, dorsal profile moderately curved. A large species with a pointed snout and large terminal mouth forming a low angle to the horizontal. Snout not protruded. Length of upper jaw longer than lower jaw. Teeth differentiated into large and small in both two jaws; upper jaw with outer row enlarged; lower jaw with inner row enlarged. 5 marginal pores, 3 rostral pores. 6 mental pores. Gill rakers short and brawny, as 1/3 times of gill filaments at angle of arch. Sagitta morphology referred to as the Protonibea form, sagitta oval, with umbo on outer surface; inner (medial) surface slightly convex with a tadpole-shaped impression, which head heart shaped, tail bended ventrally with a truncated round tip. Top of pectoral fin base slightly before pelvic fin base origin, and below tip of gill cover. Dorsal fin origin acutely behind origin of pectoral fin base. Caudal fin pointed at larval fishes and rhomboid at adult fishes. Lining of body cavity colorless. Swim-bladder morphology referred to as the Protonibea form, swim-bladder typically carrot-shaped with 18-20 pairs of arborescent appendages, branched in a fan manner; the first branching on transverse septum but not entering head, the last two small and simple, the rest branching without dorsal limbs.Colour: 5 dark blotches along back, many small black spots (about size of pupil of eye) on top of head, upper half of body and dorsal and caudal fins; pectoral, pelvic, anal and lower part of caudal fins black. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins black. Rarely, in larger fishes, either the 5 blotches or the smaller spots may be absent. Gill chamber black. Lining of mouth white.
habitats	Found in coastal waters over muddy bottoms, off the sea-bed. Ascend tidal rivers and estuaries. Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Also caught with bottom trawls.
Distribution	Pon_Fu, North, West
Utility	Sold fresh and dried salted (swim bladder) in markets. An important food fish.