Scientific Name	Carcharhinus leucas   Pronounce			by: Lab of Fish Ecol. and Evo., BRCAS
Author	(Müller & Henle, 1839)	Depth	1 - 152M
Chinese	低鰭真鯊	Poisonous Fish	No
Family_Chinese	真鯊科	Economic Fish	Yes
Family	F029　Carcharhinidae	Edible Fish	Yes	Chinese In Mainland China	低鰭真鯊(公牛真鯊)
Max Length	400 cm	Aquarium Fish	No	Common Name	大沙、公牛白眼鮫、公牛真鯊
Distribution in World	global	Distribution in Taiwan	East
Habitats	Coral、Benthos、Estuary、Fresh Water、 Coastal、Lagoon、Coral&Sand	Holotype Locality	Antilles, Western Atlantic
Synonyms	Carcharhinus amboinensis, Carcharhinus azureus, Carcharhinus nicaraguensis, Carcharhinus vanrooyeni, Carcharhinus zambezensis, Carcharias azureus, Carcharias brachyurus, Carcharias leucas, Carcharias spenceri, Carcharias zambesensis, Carcharias zambezensis, Carcharinus leucas, Carcharinus zambesensis ...all 24..
Reference	臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993)；中國動物誌-圓口綱及軟骨魚綱(朱等, 2001)；FAO Species Catalogue, Vol.4 Sharks of the world  Schwartz, F. J. 1973 Accino, R.G. etc. 1982 Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993 朱元鼎, 孟慶聞 等編 2001 Neer, J. A., B. A. Thompson, etc. 2005 Matsumoto, R., S. Uchida, M. Toda, etc. 2006
Specimen List	ASIZP0806193. ASIZP0916193.
Barcode	2014-10-30,Kwang-Tsao Shao,CO1,100%
Common Name	River whaler; Shark; Zambezi shark; Swan River whaler; Bullshark; Cub shark; Bull shark; Ground shark; Freshwater whaler
Redlist Status	IUCN Redlist: Lower Risk/near threatened(LR/nt)  2000-06-30
Characteristic	A large, stout species; size up to about 3.4 m. Snout short and bluntly and broadly rounded; internarial width 0.7-1.0 times in preoral length; upper labial furrows short and inconspicuous; the 3rd gill slit 3.1-4.1 of total length, but less than 1/3 of 1st dorsal fin base; anteroposterior teeth formula in each jaw half 12-14/12-13; upper teeth with very broad, triangular, strongly serrated, erect to slightly oblique cusps; lower teeth with erect to semioblique, broad serracted cusps and arched roots. Interdorsal ridge absent. First dorsal fin large, with a pointed rounded apex; origin of 1st dorsal fin usually over or just behind pectoral insertions; length of inner margin of 1st dorsal fin short, less than 1/3 of dorsal fin base; 2nd dorsal fin large and high, its length 3.2-4.5 of total length; origin of second dorsal anterior to anal origin; pectoral fin large and broad, triangular, with narrow, pointed apices, length of anterior margins about 18-21% of total length; 198-227 total vertebral centra, 101-123 precaudal centra.
habitats	A coastal, estuarine, riverine and lacustrine shark usually found close inshore in marine habitats, in water 0-152 m depth. Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta; number of young 1-13 per litter; some females may give birth to young in fresh water lakes su
Distribution	Wide distribute along the continental coasts of all tropical and subtropical seas and sometimes traveling far up warm rivers and into freshwater lakes. In Taiwan, this species were caught by longliner from northeastern and eastern waters uncommonly.
Utility	An important fisheries species. It is caught mainly with longlines and hook-and-line gear and utilized fresh, fresh-frozen or smoked for human consumption; its hide is used for leather, its fins for shark-fin soup, and its liver for oil, which is extracte