 | Snyder, J.O., 1908, Descriptions of Eighteen New Species and Two New Genera of Fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands., Proceedings of the United States National Museum. |
 | Carpenter, K. E.; Niem, V. H., 2001, The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammals., FAO. |
 | 沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed., 1993, 臺灣魚類誌 Fishes of Taiwan, 國立臺灣大學動物學系印行 |