Scientific Name	Pennahia pawak   Pronounce			by: Lab of Fish Ecol. and Evo., BRCAS
Author	(Lin, 1940)	Depth	3 - 50M
Chinese	斑鰭白姑魚	Poisonous Fish	No
Family_Chinese	石首魚科	Economic Fish	Yes
Family	F381　Sciaenidae	Edible Fish	Yes	Chinese In Mainland China	斑鰭銀姑魚
Max Length	22 cm	Aquarium Fish	No	Common Name	春子、帕頭、白毛(讀音：門)仔、黑耳仔(臺南安平)
Distribution in World	Australia	Distribution in Taiwan	West、PonFu
Habitats	Benthos、Coastal	Holotype Locality	Hong Kong
Synonyms	Argyrosomus pawak, Pennahia pawah
Reference	臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993)；福建魚類誌(朱等, 1985)；The Live Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, Vol.5(FAO, 2001)  朱元鼎 編 1985 沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993
Specimen List	ASIZP0059040. ASIZP0063558. ASIZP0066392. ASIZP0066403. ASIZP0066437. ASIZP0076067. ASIZP0079048. ASIZP0700204. ASIZP0801950. ASIZP0801951. ASIZP0801952. ASIZP0911950. ASIZP0911951. ASIZP0911952. NMMSTP01539. NMNSF00487. NMNSF00987. NMNSF01031. NTMP1455. NTUM00876. NTUM01758. NTUM07192. NTUM07193. NTUM07286. NTUM07312. NTUM07325. NTUM07447. NTUM07448. NTUM07449. NTUM07450. NTUM07602.
Barcode	2008-03-24,Kui-Ching Hsu,CO1,100% 2015-11-01,Yu-Ming Shih,CO1,100%
Common Name	Pawak croaker
Redlist Status	Not in IUCN Redlist
Characteristic	Dorsal fin X, I, 23-25; anal fin II, 7; pectoral fin I, 16-17; pelvic fin I, 5; lateral-line scales 48; gill-rakers 5-6 + 8-9; Body elongated and compressed, dorsal and ventral profile moderately curved. Head bluntly pointed with a large, terminal and oblique mouth; snout not protruded. Length of upper jaw slight longer than lower jaw. Teeth well differentiated into large and small in both two jaws; upper jaw with outer row enlarged as canine teeth and exposed when mouth is closed; lower jaw with inner row enlarged; without tooth at tips in both jaws. 5 marginal pores, 3 rostral pores. 6 mental pores. Gill rakers slender, slightly longer than gill filaments at angle of arch. Sagitta morphology refered to as the Pennahia form, sagitta moderately triangular, with umbo on outer surface; inner (medial) surface moderately convex with a tadpole-shaped impression, which head heart shaped, tail with a bluntly round tip. Dorsal fin origin slightly before top of pectoral fin base and the origin of pelvic fin base. Dorsal fin origin opposite to origin of pelvic fin base, and below the tip of gill cover. Caudal fin rhomboid; Lining of body cavity dark browns. Swim-bladder morphology refered to as the Pennahia form, swim-bladder typically carrot-shaped with 24-25 pairs of appendages, each with a ventral limb only, branched in a wing manner except for the first pair. None entering head. The posterior simple and parallel to the tubular end of the swimbladder.Color: body purplish brown at upper half and silverly white at lower half; spinous dorsal fin brown, with a black patch between 7th and 10th spines; soft-ray dorsal fin with a white line at center; fin base and margin light brown. Caudal fin light brown; anal fin colorless, pelvic fin orange yellow with little brown spots. Pectoral fin light brown. Lining of mouth white, gill chamber black, gill cover bluish purple.
habitats	Inhabits coastal waters and feeds on small crustaceans.
Distribution	Pon_Fu, West.
Utility	Food fish.