Scientific Name	Mobula birostris			by: Lab of Fish Ecol. and Evo., BRCAS
Author	(Walbaum, 1792)	Depth	0 - 120M
Chinese	雙吻前口蝠鱝	Poisonous Fish	No
Family_Chinese	鱝科	Economic Fish	No
Family	F058　Myliobatidae	Edible Fish	No	Chinese In Mainland China	雙吻前口蝠鱝
Max Length	910 cmWD	Aquarium Fish	No	Common Name	飛魴仔、鷹魴、鬼蝠魟
Distribution in World	global	Distribution in Taiwan	East
Habitats	Ocean	Holotype Locality	No locality stated
Synonyms	Brachioptilon hamiltoni, Cephaloptera stelligera, Cephalopterus manta, Cephalopterus vampyrus, Ceratoptera alfredi, Ceratoptera ehrenbergi, Ceratoptera ehrenbergii, Ceratoptera johnii, Manta alfredi, Manta americana, Manta brevirostris, Manta ehrenbergii, Manta hamiltoni ...all 16..
Reference	1. 臺灣魚類誌(沈等, 1993)；2. Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p.  Coles, R.J. 1916 Coles Russell J. 1916 沈世傑 編 Shih-Chieh Shen ed. 1993 Homma, K. etc. 1999
Specimen List
Common Name	Sea devil; Prince Alfreds ray; Skeete; Pacific manta; Devil ray; Atlantic manta; Eagleray; Blanketfish; Devil-ray; Devilfish; Australian devilray; Manta; Great devil fish; Manta ray; Mantaray; Giant devil ray; Giant manta; Giant Atlantic manta
Redlist Status	2020-04-28 COA, Taiwan Redlist: Critically Endangered    IUCN Redlist: Data deficient(DD)  2002-01-01   CITES Appendix 2
Characteristic	Disc nearly twice as wide as long. Head broad, flat, truncate. Snout very broad. Rostral fins fins distinct from the pectorals, directed forward. Pectorals falciform, anterior margin convex, posterior concave. Eyes lateral. Mouth width 3 in disc length. Teeth minute rasp-like, on the lower jaw only, occupying the entire width of the jaw. Gill openings transverse. One dorsal fin,its origin a little forward of the bases of the pectorals. Ventrals small. Posterior margin rounded, not reaching to the ends of the pectorals. Tail longer than disc length. Specimen in formalin dark brown on the back. Under surface whitish.
habitats	Mainly in near-shore waters, near coral and rocky reefs; sometimes found over deep water Penetrates shallow muddy bays and the intertidal and occurs off river mouths. Occurs singly or in loose aggregations. Mainly plankton feeders, but may feed on small a
Distribution	Red Sea, Natal, South Africa, India, Malay Peninsula, East Indies, New South Wales, Melanesia, Polynesia, Hawaii, Taiwan. China.
Utility